The mechanism of action of biological enzymes


The difference between enzyme proteins and other proteins is that enzymes have active centers. Enzymes can be divided into four levels of structure: the first level structure is the arrangement order of amino acids; The secondary structure is the planar spatial conformation of peptide chains; The tertiary structure is the three-dimensional spatial conformation of peptide chains; The quaternary structure is the combination of peptide chains with non covalent bonds to form complete protein molecules. The true determinant is the primary structure of the enzyme, and its changes will alter its properties (inactivation or denaturation). The mechanism of action of enzymes is widely recognized by Koshland's "induction fit" theory, which mainly states that when substrates bind to the active site of the enzyme, there is a conformational change in the enzyme. The correct orientation of catalytic groups is necessary for catalytic action. Substrate induced conformational changes in enzyme proteins lead to the correct localization of catalytic groups and substrate binding to the active site of the enzyme. Heavy metal ions bind to the active site, causing enzyme inactivation.

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