Biological enzymes are non-toxic and environmentally friendly biocatalysts, and their chemical essence is proteins. The history of human utilization of biological enzymes has been very long. As early as 6000 years ago, the Babylonians brewed beer like beverages using malt. 5000 years ago, the Babylonians had learned the method of converting ethanol into vinegar, and the Arabs used sheep stomach membrane rennet to produce cheese. The history of our ancestors using enzymes is also very long. Before the Qin and Han dynasties, people had already mastered the method of making delicious soy sauce. The concept of enzymes was gradually formed around the 19th century through research on gastrointestinal digestion, malt saccharification, and yeast ethanol fermentation. In 1878, German physiologist K ü hne proposed the concept of "enzyme", which means to exist in yeast in Greek. Before the 1950s, there was not much astonishing development in the enzyme preparation industry, but the discovery and industrial production of penicillin gave rise to modern fermentation industry, which also triggered and promoted the development of enzyme preparation industry and application industry. In the 1960s and 1970s, enzymatic research and enzyme engineering developed rapidly, and the development and industrialization of enzyme sources became an important research content in the middle and later stages of the 20th century, especially the breeding, fermentation, and separation and purification technologies of microorganisms with different enzyme sources made tremendous progress. The discovery and application of tool enzymes such as restriction endonucleases, DNA polymerase, DNA ligases, and exonucleases, as well as their industrialization, have laid a solid foundation for the development of genetic engineering for gene recombination and heterologous expression, as well as protein engineering and metabolic engineering. In the 1960s and 1970s, genetic engineering methods were used to increase microbial enzyme production, which had been successfully applied in the industrial production of enzyme preparations. Modern enzyme preparation industry and corresponding application industries gradually formed.
The production and application of enzymes have a history of more than 80 years both domestically and internationally. In the 1980s, biotechnology, as an emerging technology, has rapidly developed in China. The manufacturing and application fields of enzymes have gradually expanded, and their application in the textile industry has also matured. In the past, enzymes were mainly used for desizing cotton fabrics and degumming silk, and have been widely used in various fields of textile dyeing and finishing, This reflects the superiority of biological enzymes in the dyeing and finishing industry. The enzyme treatment process has been recognized as a green production process that meets environmental requirements. It not only improves and enhances the wearability of textiles, but also benefits the protection of ecological environment due to its non-toxic, harmless, low dosage, biodegradability of wastewater, and pollution-free properties. Biological enzymes are widely used in fields such as textiles, petroleum, papermaking, food processing, and pollution control. At the same time, biological enzymes are also used in the field of indoor decoration pollution control. Through catalysis, phagocytosis, decomposition, and other methods, they eliminate indoor decoration pollution such as odor and formaldehyde.